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  2. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.

  3. Quark model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model

    In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. The quark model underlies "flavor SU(3)" , or the Eightfold Way , the successful classification scheme organizing the large number of lighter hadrons that ...

  4. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

    The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.

  5. Pasteur's quadrant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur's_quadrant

    Pasteur's quadrant is a classification of scientific research projects that seek fundamental understanding of scientific problems, while also having immediate use for society. Louis Pasteur 's research is thought to exemplify this type of method, which bridges the gap between " basic " and " applied " research. [ 1 ]

  6. Vicsek model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicsek_model

    The whole model is controlled by three parameters: the density of particles, the amplitude of the noise on the alignment and the ratio of the travel distance to the interaction range . From these two simple iteration rules, various continuous theories [ 2 ] have been elaborated such as the Toner Tu theory [ 3 ] which describes the system at the ...

  7. Logistic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_map

    Graph of the logistic map (the relationship between + and ). The graph has the shape of a parabola, and the vertex of the parabola changes as the parameter r changes. As mentioned above, the logistic map can be used as a model to consider the fluctuation of population size.

  8. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    Thus, the space model of a ternary phase diagram is a right-triangular prism. The prism sides represent corresponding binary systems A-B, B-C, A-C. However, the most common methods to present phase equilibria in a ternary system are the following: 1) projections on the concentration triangle ABC of the liquidus, solidus, solvus surfaces; 2 ...

  9. Matter power spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter_power_spectrum

    The matter power spectrum describes the density contrast of the universe (the difference between the local density and the mean density) as a function of scale. It is the Fourier transform of the matter correlation function .