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A controller area network (CAN) is a vehicle bus standard designed to enable efficient communication primarily between electronic control units (ECUs). Originally developed to reduce the complexity and cost of electrical wiring in automobiles through multiplexing, the CAN bus protocol has since been adopted in various other contexts.
CAN FD is typically used in high performance ECUs of modern vehicles. A modern vehicle can have more than 70 ECUs that use CAN FD to exchange information over the CAN bus when the engine is running or when the vehicle is moving. On a CAN bus, a frame is the basic unit of messaging. For a classic CAN bus, a frame consists of an 11-bit identifier ...
ISO 11783-7: Implement messages application layer - communication of signals (speeds, temperature, work-state, etc.) ISO 11783-8: Power train messages ISO 11783-9: Tractor ECU - a gateway between the open ISOBUS and the tractor private network, and power management for both a 15 A and a 55 A circuit.
The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conductors can be wires in a twisted-pair or ribbon cable or traces on a printed circuit board. Electrically, the two conductors carry voltage signals which are equal in magnitude, but of opposite polarity. The receiving ...
However, the reflection phenomenon can be useful in such devices as stubs and impedance transformers. The special cases of open circuit and short circuit lines are of particular relevance to stubs. Reflections cause standing waves to be set up on the line. Conversely, standing waves are an indication that reflections are present.
The MIL-STD-1553B bus must be terminated at both ends to minimize the effects of signal reflections that can cause waveform distortion and disruption or intermittent communications failures. Optionally, a high-impedance terminator (1000 to 3000 ohms) may be used in vehicle applications to simulate a future load from an unspecified device.
Reflected-wave switching [1] is a signalling technique used in backplane computer buses such as PCI.. A backplane computer bus is a type of multilayer printed circuit board that has at least one (almost) solid layer of copper called the ground plane, and at least one layer of copper tracks that are used as wires for the signals.
In CANopen the 11-bit id of a CAN-frame is known as communication object identifier, or COB-ID. In case of a transmission collision, the bus arbitration used in the CAN bus allows the frame with the smallest id to be transmitted first and without a delay. Using a low code number for time critical functions ensures the lowest possible delay.