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VMA is found in the urine, along with other catecholamine metabolites, including homovanillic acid (HVA), metanephrine, and normetanephrine.In timed urine tests the quantity excreted (usually per 24 hours) is assessed along with creatinine clearance, and the quantity of cortisols, catecholamines, and metanephrines excreted is also measured.
Twenty-four hour urinary metanephrines are an acceptable alternative if the plasma test is unavailable. [71] Other additional biomarkers can be helpful to aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma as well, most notable is Chromogranin A.
Metanephrine, also known as metadrenaline, is a metabolite of epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on epinephrine. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, 2002, indicated that the measurement of plasma free levels of the metanephrines group of molecules (including metanephrine and normetanephrine) is the best tool in ...
Noradrenaline breakdown, with normetanephrine visible at upper left.. The metanephrines are a group of molecules consisting of metanephrine and normetanephrine.. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, 2002, indicated that the measurement of plasma free levels of metanephrines is the best tool in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, an adrenal medullary neoplasm.
Example of a container used for collecting 24-hour urine samples. This particular container is free of trace metals to allow for accurate measurement of these substances in urine. The techniques used to collect urine specimens vary based on the desired test. A random urine, meaning a specimen that is collected at any time, can be used for many ...
Diagnosis is most easily confirmed through urinary measurement of catecholamine metabolites such as VMA and metanephrines. Most pheochromocytomas are initially treated with anti-adrenergic drugs to protect against catecholamine overload, with surgery employed to remove the tumor once the patient is medically stable. [7]
24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ways to reach us. Mail. ... most healthy adults can comfortably hold their urine for two to four hours," says Dr. Debra L. Fromer, ...
24-hour urinary specimen for measurement of fractionated metanephrines and catecholamines; Blood plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity, if hypertension is present; On CT scan, benign adenomas typically are of low radiodensity (due to fat content).