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Treatment options depend on the nature of an individual's post-nasal drip and its cause. Antibiotics may be prescribed if the PND is the result of bacterial sinusitis. [ 8 ] In cases where PND is caused by allergic rhinitis or irritant rhinitis, avoidance of allergens or irritating factors such as dander, cigarette smoke, and cleaning supplies ...
Acute sinusitis can present as facial pain and tenderness that may worsen on standing up or bending over, headache, cough, bad breath, nasal congestion, ear pain, ear pressure or nasal discharge that is usually green in color, and may contain pus or blood. [20] Dental pain can also occur.
In most cases of sinus barotrauma, localized pain to the frontal area is the predominant symptom. This is due to pain originating from the frontal sinus, it being above the brow bones. Less common is pain referred to the temporal, occipital, or retrobulbar region. Epistaxis or serosanguineous secretion from the nose may occur.
Air caught in nasal cavities – namely the sinus cavities, cannot be released and the resulting pressure may cause a headache or facial pain. If the sinus passage remains blocked, there is a chance that sinusitis may result. [6] If the mucus backs up through the Eustachian tube, it may result in ear pain or an ear infection.
Airway clearance therapy is treatment that uses a number of airway clearance techniques to clear the respiratory airways of mucus and other secretions. [1] Several respiratory diseases cause the normal mucociliary clearance mechanism to become impaired resulting in a build-up of mucus which obstructs breathing, and also affects the cough reflex.
Balloon sinuplasty is a procedure that ear, nose and throat surgeons may use for the treatment of blocked sinuses.Patients diagnosed with sinusitis but not responding to medications may be candidates for sinus surgery.
Other signs of a basilar skull fracture include CSF otorrhea (drainage of CSF through the ear). [2] It can have devastating complications in some patients, as the communication between the nasal cavity, the cerebrospinal fluid and the central nervous system can result in severe bacterial infections. [3]
The condition becomes serious because veins at that region of the face lead to the brain, and if bacteria spreads to the brain via these veins, the person may develop a life-threatening condition called cavernous sinus thrombosis, which is an infection in the brain. Other complications include nasal septal abscess and encephalitis. [3]
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