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Limonene (/ ˈ l ɪ m ə n ˌ iː n /) is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the essential oil of citrus fruit peels. [1] The (+)- isomer , occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.
Perillyl alcohol and its precursor limonene are naturally occurring monocyclic terpenes derived from the mevalonate pathway in plants. Perillyl alcohol can be found in the essential oils of various plants, such as lavender, lemongrass, sage, and peppermint. [1] It has a number of manufacturing, household, and medical applications.
Many monoterpenes are volatile compounds and some of them are well-known fragrants found in the essential oils of many plants. [12] For example, camphor, citral, citronellol, geraniol, grapefruit mercaptan, eucalyptol, ocimene, myrcene, limonene, linalool, menthol, camphene and pinenes are used in perfumes and cosmetic products.
The term terpene was coined in 1866 by the German chemist August Kekulé to denote all hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16, of which camphene was one. Previously, many hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16 had been called "camphene", but many other hydrocarbons of the same composition had different names.
Citronella oil, from a plant related to lemon grass is used as an insect repellent; Clary Sage oil, used in perfumery and as an additive flavoring in some alcoholic beverages. [7] Clove oil used in perfumery and medicinally. Coconut oil, used for skin, food, and hair; Coffee oil, used to flavor food. Coriander oil
Carvone may be synthetically prepared from limonene by first treating limonene nitrosyl chloride. Heating this nitroso compound gives carvoxime. Treating carvoxime with oxalic acid yields carvone. [14] This procedure affords R-(−)-carvone from R-(+)-limonene. The major use of d-limonene is as a precursor to S-(+)-carvone. The large scale ...
Plant terpenoids are used for their aromatic qualities and play a role in traditional herbal remedies. Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus , the flavors of cinnamon , cloves , and ginger , the yellow color in sunflowers , and the red color in tomatoes . [ 5 ]
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