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Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. [6] Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. [ 10 ]
Whereas high risk MDS is associated with a life expectancy of less than 3 years. [ 36 ] Stem-cell transplantation offers possible cure, with survival rates of 50% at 3 years, although older patients do poorly.
In the United States there has been an increase in the 5-year relative survival rate between people diagnosed with cancer in 1975-1977 (48.9%) and people diagnosed with cancer in 2007-2013 (69.2%); these figures coincide with a 20% decrease in cancer mortality from 1950 to 2014. [8]
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib have improved the prognosis of CML patients to near-normal life expectancy. [14] Recently, a JAK2 inhibitor, namely ruxolitinib, has been approved for use in primary myelofibrosis. [15] Trials of these inhibitors are in progress for the treatment of the other myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Smouldering myeloma is a disease classified as intermediate in a spectrum of step-wise progressive diseases termed plasma cell dyscrasias.In this spectrum of diseases, a clone of plasma cells secreting monoclonal paraprotein (also termed myeloma protein or M protein) causes the relatively benign disease of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
They are less likely than multiple myeloma patients to have lytic bone lesions. In several studies of patients with either form of plasma cell leukemia, the disease was associated with clonal IgG in 28% to 56% of cases, IgA in 4% to 7% of cases, and a light chain in 23% to 44% of cases; 0-12% of patients had no myeloma protein.
These drugs have revolutionized treatment of this disease and allow most patients to have a good quality of life when compared to the former chemotherapy drugs. In Western countries, CML accounts for 15–25% of all adult leukemias and 14% of leukemias overall (including the pediatric population, where CML is less common). [3]
People who died from the plasma cell cancer multiple myeloma. Myeloma is a form of what is commonly known as "blood cancer". See: Category:People with multiple myeloma for those currently living with the disease.
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