Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Tumour mutational burden (abbreviated as TMB) is a genetic characteristic of tumorous tissue that can be informative to cancer research and treatment. It is defined as the number of non-inherited mutations per million bases (Mb) of investigated genomic sequence, [1] and its measurement has been enabled by next generation sequencing.
Tumor markers may be used for the following purposes: Monitoring the malignancy; When a malignant tumor is found by the presence of a tumor marker, the level of marker found in the body can be monitored to determine the state of the tumor and how it responds to treatment. If the quantity stays the same during treatment it can indicate that the ...
4T1 is a breast cancer cell line derived from the mammary gland tissue of a mouse BALB/c strain. [ 1 ] 4T1 cells are epithelial and are resistant to 6-thioguanine . [ 1 ] In preclinical research, 4T1 cells have been used to study breast cancer metastasis as they can metastasize to the lung, liver, lymph nodes, brain and bone.
The notion of doubling time dates to interest on loans in Babylonian mathematics. Clay tablets from circa 2000 BCE include the exercise "Given an interest rate of 1/60 per month (no compounding), come the doubling time." This yields an annual interest rate of 12/60 = 20%, and hence a doubling time of 100% growth/20% growth per year = 5 years.
Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0). This staging system is used for most forms of cancer, except brain tumors and hematological malignancies.
The doubling time is about 36–48 hours. The cell line was derived from a 36-year-old woman who was originally reported to have acute promyelocytic leukemia at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. [1] HL-60 cells predominantly show neutrophilic promyelocytic morphology. [1]
Starting around the turn of the millennium, several cell lines were found to be misidentified or misclassified at the time of investigation or earlier: [7] [8] [9] MDA-MB-435 , originally classified as breast cancer cell line, was identified as being a melanoma cell line. [ 7 ]
Though HT-29 cells can proliferate in cell culture lacking growth factors with a doubling time of around 4 days, the doubling time can be reduced to one day with added fetal bovine serum. [2] The cells have high glucose consumption, and in standard medium containing 25 mM glucose and 10% serum, remain undifferentiated.