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Dataframe may refer to: A tabular data structure common to many data processing libraries: pandas (software) § DataFrames; The Dataframe API in Apache Spark; Data frames in the R programming language; Frame (networking)
Polar variables are magnetic white dwarfs accreting material from a low mass donor, with no accretion disk due to the intense magnetic field. In astronomy, a polar is a highly magnetic type of cataclysmic variable (CV) binary star system, originally known as an AM Herculis star after the prototype member AM Herculis.
In astronomy, cataclysmic variable stars (CVs) are stars which irregularly increase in brightness by a large factor, then drop back down to a quiescent state. They were initially called novae (from Latin 'new'), since ones with an outburst brightness visible to the naked eye and an invisible quiescent brightness appeared as new stars in the sky.
The variable z is used to hold the length of the longest common substring found so far. The set ret is used to hold the set of strings which are of length z . The set ret can be saved efficiently by just storing the index i , which is the last character of the longest common substring (of size z) instead of S[(i-z+1)..i] .
More generally, the polars of all the points on the line q must pass through its pole Q. The relationship between poles and polars is reciprocal. Thus, if a point A lies on the polar line q of a point Q, then the point Q must lie on the polar line a of the point A. The two polar lines a and q need not be parallel.
The radius and the azimuth are together called the polar coordinates, as they correspond to a two-dimensional polar coordinate system in the plane through the point, parallel to the reference plane. The third coordinate may be called the height or altitude (if the reference plane is considered horizontal), longitudinal position , [ 1 ] or axial ...
Polars of diagonal points are colored the same as the points. The theory of poles and polars of a conic in a projective plane can be developed without the use of coordinates and other metric concepts. Let C be a conic in PG(2, F) where F is a field not of characteristic two, and let P be a point of this plane not on C.
In mathematics, the polar coordinate system specifies a given point in a plane by using a distance and an angle as its two coordinates. These are the point's distance from a reference point called the pole, and; the point's direction from the pole relative to the direction of the polar axis, a ray drawn from the pole.