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Party identification is typically determined by the political party that an individual most commonly supports (by voting or other means). Some researchers view party identification as "a form of social identity ", [ 1 ] [ 2 ] in the same way that a person identifies with a religious or ethnic group.
The Michigan model is a theory of voter choice, based primarily on sociological and party identification factors. Originally proposed by political scientists , beginning with an investigation of the 1952 Presidential election, [ 1 ] at the University of Michigan 's Survey Research Centre.
Political identity is a form of social identity marking membership of certain groups that share a common struggle for a certain form of power. This can include identification with a political party, [1] but also positions on specific political issues, nationalism, [2] inter-ethnic relations or more abstract ideological themes.
Underlying this search was the early recognition of the importance of leadership [32] and the assumption that leadership is rooted in the characteristics that certain individuals possess. This idea that leadership is based on individual attributes is known as the "trait theory of leadership".
Michels book quickly became a classic of social sciences. [10] His theory was quickly vindicated on a large scale during First World War, when most socialist parties of that time endorsed the war policies of their respective governments, thus showing that their corresponding party leaders put the short-term goals of organizational survival (allying with the state) over doctrinal points of ...
Weber argued that power can take a variety of forms. A person's power can be shown in the social order through their status, in the economic order through their class, and in the political order through their party. Thus, class, status and party are each aspects of the distribution of power within a community. [1]
Identification occurs when the target of the influence admires and therefore imitates the authority, mimics authority's actions, values, characteristics, and takes on behaviours of the person with power. If prolonged and continuous, identification can lead to the final stage – internalization.
It can be variously translated as party-mindedness, partisanship, or party spirit. The term can refer to both a philosophical position concerning the sociology of knowledge and an official doctrine of public intellectual life in the Soviet Union. [5] The term may also mean the membership of a person in a certain political party.