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  2. Light-dependent reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-dependent_reactions

    The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the Z-scheme, because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter Z. [3] The final product of PSII is plastoquinol, a mobile electron carrier in the membrane. Plastoquinol transfers the electron from PSII to the proton pump, cytochrome b6f. The ultimate ...

  3. Dehydration reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydration_reaction

    Alkenes can be made from alcohols by dehydration. This conversion, among others, is used in converting biomass to liquid fuels. [2] The conversion of ethanol to ethylene is a fundamental example: [3] [4] CH 3 CH 2 OH → H 2 C=CH 2 + H 2 O. The reaction is accelerated by acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid and certain zeolites.

  4. C. B. van Niel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._B._van_Niel

    2 H 2 A + CO 2 → 2A + CH 2 O + H 2 O. where A is the electron acceptor. His discovery predicted that H 2 O is the hydrogen donor in green plant photosynthesis and is oxidized to O 2. The chemical summation of photosynthesis was a milestone in the understanding of the chemistry of photosynthesis. This was later experimentally verified by ...

  5. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. [1] When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.

  6. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    This is illustrated in the image here, where the balanced equation is: CH 4 + 2 O 2 → CO 2 + 2 H 2 O. Here, one molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen gas to yield one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water. This particular chemical equation is an example of complete combustion. Stoichiometry measures these ...

  7. Reaction mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_mechanism

    [2] Illustrative is the oxidation of carbon monoxide by nitrogen dioxide: CO + NO 2 → CO 2 + NO. The rate law for this reaction is: = [] This form shows that the rate-determining step does not involve CO. Instead, the slow step involves two molecules of NO 2. A possible mechanism for the overall reaction that explains the rate law is:

  8. Condensation reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_reaction

    The reaction may otherwise involve the functional groups of the molecule, and is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of a catalyst. This class of reactions is a vital part of life as it is essential to the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids and to the biosynthesis of fatty ...

  9. Photosystem II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem_II

    5 cluster (including two chloride ions), one non heme Fe 2+ and two putative Ca 2+ ions per monomer. [4] There are several crystal structures of photosystem II. [5] The PDB accession codes for this protein are 3WU2, 3BZ1, 3BZ2 (3BZ1 and 3BZ2 are monomeric structures of the Photosystem II dimer), [4] 2AXT, 1S5L, 1W5C, 1ILX, 1FE1, 1IZL.