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A fine needle aspirate can be done with simply a small bore needle and a small syringe (1 cc) that can generate rapid changes in suction pressure. Fine needle aspirate can be used to distinguish a cystic lesion from a lipoma. Both the surgeon and the pathologist must be familiar with the method of procuring, fixing, and reading of the slide.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsies are very safe for minor surgical procedures. Often, a major surgical (excisional or open) biopsy can be avoided by performing a needle aspiration biopsy instead, eliminating the need for hospitalization. In 1981, the first fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the United States was done at Maimonides Medical Center. [1]
A YouTube video entitled Arthrobot – the world's first surgical robot illustrates some of these in operation. [ 7 ] In 1985 a robot, the Unimation Puma 200 , was used to orient a needle for a brain biopsy while under CT guidance during a neurological procedure.
A stereotactic biopsy may be used, with x-ray guidance, for performing a fine needle aspiration for cytology and needle core biopsy to evaluate a breast lesion. However, that type of biopsy is also sometimes performed without any imaging guidance, [2] and typically, stereotactic guidance is used for core biopsies or vacuum-assisted mammotomy. [3]
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is a more recent version of core needle biopsy using a vacuum technique to assist the collection of the tissue sample. Similarly to core needle biopsy, the needle has a lateral ("from the side") opening and can be rotated, allowing multiple samples to be collected through a single skin incision.
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An incisional biopsy or core biopsy samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy.
The only reliable way to determine whether a soft-tissue tumor is benign or malignant is through a biopsy. The two methods for acquisition of tumor tissue for cytopathological analysis are: Needle aspiration biopsy, via needle; Surgically, via an incision made into the tumor; A pathologist examines the tissue under a microscope.