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Turn-taking is a type of organization in conversation and discourse where participants speak one at a time in alternating turns. In practice, it involves processes for constructing contributions, responding to previous comments, and transitioning to a different speaker, using a variety of linguistic and non-linguistic cues.
A turn construction unit (TCU) is the fundamental segment of speech in a conversation, as analysed in conversation analysis. The idea was introduced in "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation" by Harvey Sacks , Emanuel Schegloff , and Gail Jefferson in 1974. [ 1 ]
The transcription conventions take into account overlapping speech, delays between speech, pitch, volume and speed based on research showing that these features matter for the conversation in terms of action, turn-taking and more. [9] Transcripts are typically written in a monospaced font to ease the alignment of overlap symbols.
Relevant next turn refers to the initiation or invitation to respond between speakers, including verbal and nonverbal prompts for turn-taking in conversation. Questions and answers act as adjacency pairs, [8] the first part of the conversation is relevant to the second part. Meaning that a relevant utterance needs to be made in response to the ...
He treated such topics as: the organization of person-reference; topic organization and stories in conversation; speaker selection preferences; pre-sequences; the organization of turn-taking; conversational openings and closings; and puns, jokes, stories and repairs in conversation among many others.
An "excellent conversation," the Canadian leader said afterward, though he won no assurances about the tariffs. Gone is the long tradition that the United States has just one president at a time ...
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Adjacency pairs are most commonly found in what Schegloff and Sacks described as a "single conversation," a unit of communication in which a single person speaks and a second person replies to the first speaker's utterance. While the turn-taking mechanism of single conversation uses silence to indicate that the next speaker's turn may begin ...