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The most common physical indications of cholangiocarcinoma are abnormal liver function tests, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin occurring when bile ducts are blocked by tumor), abdominal pain (30–50%), generalized itching (66%), weight loss (30–50%), fever (up to 20%), and changes in the color of stool or urine. [10]
A Klatskin tumor (or hilar cholangiocarcinoma) is a cholangiocarcinoma (cancer of the biliary tree) occurring at the confluence of the right and left hepatic bile ducts. The disease was named after Gerald Klatskin, who in 1965 described 15 cases and found some characteristics for this type of cholangiocarcinoma. [1] [2] [3]
Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
Accurately identifying stones, biliary strictures, and affected liver segments is crucial for the diagnosis of hepatolithiasis, as is ruling out concurrent cholangiocarcinoma. [2] Hepatolithiasis is primarily diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) scans.
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign tumor of the liver. [2] FNH is found in 0.2%– 0.3% of adults worldwide. [2] FNH is more common in females (10:1 female to male ratio) except in Japan and China, in which there is a more equal prevalence of cases between females and males. [2]
Most recent epidemiological data suggests that liver cancer is in the Top 10 for both prevalence and mortality (noted to be the sixth-leading cause of cancer and fourth most-common cause of death). [43] The Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration found that from 1990 to 2015 the new cases of liver cancer per year increased by 75%. [10]
691.8 Eczema, atopic dermatitis; 692 Contact dermatitis and other eczema. 692.0 Contact dermatitis and other eczema due to detergents; 692.1 Contact dermatitis and other eczema due to oils and greases; 692.2 Contact dermatitis and other eczema due to solvents; 692.3 Contact dermatitis and other eczema due to drugs and medicines in contact with skin
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. [1] [2] [3] It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis.