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Neospora hughesi is an obligate protozoan apicomplexan parasite that causes myelitis and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses, and has only been documented in North America. [1] EPM is a neurological disease from lesions in the spinal cord , brain stem , or brain from parasites such as N. hughesi or Sarcocystis neurona . [ 2 ]
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in various stages. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a disease that affects the central nervous system of horses.It is caused by a protozoal infection that is brought about by the apicomplexan parasites Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi.
Neospora is a single celled parasite of livestock and companion animals. It was not discovered until 1984 in Norway , where it was found in dogs . Neosporosis , the disease that affects cattle and companion animals, has a worldwide distribution.
The taxonomy of this group is complex and only partly understood. Two major clades have been identified: the isosporoid coccidia (Toxoplasma, Neospora, Isospora [in part], and Sarcocystis) and a second clade containing Lankesterella, Caryospora and the eimeriid coccidia (Cyclospora, Isospora [in part] and Eimeria). [1]
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Neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite that was identified as a species in 1988. Prior to this, it was misclassified as Toxoplasma gondii due to structural similarities. [ 1 ] The genome sequence of Neospora caninum has been determined by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the University of Liverpool . [ 2 ]
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Haemosporidiasina is divided into 2 orders: . Order Chromatorida (with pigmented intraerythrocytic parasites) . Suborder Laveraniina. Family Plasmodiidae. Genus Bioccala Landau et al 1984