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The testing of intelligence in birds is therefore usually based on studying responses to sensory stimuli. The corvids ( ravens , crows , jays , magpies , etc.) and psittacines ( parrots , macaws , and cockatoos ) are often considered the most intelligent birds, and are among the most intelligent animals in general.
Bird cell size is on the other hand generally smaller than that of mammals, which may mean more brain cells and hence synapses per volume, allowing for more complex behaviour from a smaller brain. [4] Both bird intelligence and brain anatomy are however very different from those of mammals, making direct comparison difficult. [25]
This accounts for variation in the number of neurons in the rest of the brain, for which no link to intelligence has been established. Elephants, for example, have an exceptionally large cerebellum, while birds make do with a much smaller one. Differing methods have been used to count neurons, and these may differ in degree of reliability.
Results from this study suggest that current evidence for general intelligence is weak in non-human animals. [130] The general factor of intelligence, or g factor, is a psychometric construct that summarizes the correlations observed between an individual's scores on various measures of cognitive abilities.
The birds were tested on their ability to distinguish benign from malignant human breast histopathology images and could even apply what they had learned to previously unseen images. However, when faced with a more challenging task, they reverted to image memorisation and thus showed little generalisation to novel examples.
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Brain–body mass relationship for mammals [dubious – discuss]. Brain–body mass ratio, also known as the brain–body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesized to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases.
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