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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR) defines post-stroke depression as "a mood disorder due to a general medical condition (i.e. stroke) that is judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of [that] condition". Post-stroke depression may involve depressed mood and decreased interest and pleasure that impairs social and ...
PSD has a reported incidence of 18% to 33%, though it is commonly underdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms between stroke and depression. [3] A comprehensive meta-analysis found that over half of stroke patients experience at least one episode of depression. [4] Various risk factors increase the likelihood of developing PSD, including: [3] [4 ...
A revision of DSM-5, titled DSM-5-TR, was published in March 2022, updating diagnostic criteria and ICD-10-CM codes. [52] The diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder were changed, [53] [54] along with adding entries for prolonged grief disorder, unspecified mood disorder and stimulant-induced mild neurocognitive disorder.
The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. [2] Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis . [ 5 ]
Since stroke is an essential part of vascular dementia, [13] the goal is to prevent new strokes. This is attempted through reduction of stroke risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood lipid levels, atrial fibrillation, or diabetes mellitus. [2] [5] Medications for high blood pressure are used to prevent pre-stroke dementia. [19]
An alternate, widely used classification publication is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). [13] The ICD has a broader scope than the DSM, covering overall health as well as mental health; chapter 6 of the ICD specifically covers mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) Withdrawal from drugs, especially sedative hypnotics, e.g. alcohol or benzodiazepines [16] [17] Other conditions that may be related to organic brain syndrome include: clinical depression, neuroses, and psychoses, which may occur simultaneously with the OBS.
The scale was originally introduced in 1957 by Dr. John Rankin of Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland as a 5-level scale ranging from 1 to 5. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was then modified by either van Swieten et al. [ 5 ] or perhaps Prof. C. Warlow's group at Western General Hospital in Edinburgh for use in the UK-TIA study in the late 1980s to include ...