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The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...
The following compounds are liquid at room temperature and are completely miscible with water; ... Name CAS number ... formic acid: 64-18-6 C 5 H 6 O 2: furfuryl ...
It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. [13] [14] In nature, grape-sugar breaks up by the action of fermentation into alcohol or carbonic acid, without anything being ...
Acids and bases are aqueous solutions, as part of their Arrhenius definitions. [1] An example of an Arrhenius acid is hydrogen chloride (HCl) because of its dissociation of the hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an Arrhenius base because it dissociates the hydroxide ion when it is dissolved in water. [3]
However, self-ionization of water must also be considered when concentrations of a strong acid or base is very low or high. For instance, a 5×10 −8 M solution of HCl would be expected to have a pH of 7.3 based on the above procedure, which is incorrect as it is acidic and should have a pH of less than 7. In such cases, the system can be ...
Sulfuric acid contains two hydroxy groups.. Water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and many other hydroxy-containing compounds can be readily deprotonated due to a large difference between the electronegativity of oxygen (3.5) and that of hydrogen (2.1).
reacts with strong bases, difficult to purify ethyl acetate: C 4 H 8 O 2: 77.11°C 6.02 0.902 g/cm 3: 1.88 reacts with strong bases hexamethylphosphoramide [(CH 3) 2 N] 3 PO 232.5 °C 29.6 1.03 g/cm 3: 5.38 high boiling point, high toxicity pyridine: C 5 H 5 N 115 °C 13.3 0.982 g/cm 3: 2.22 reacts with protic and Lewis acids sulfolane: C 4 H 8 ...
Bases and acids are seen as chemical opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium (H 3 O +) concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. A reaction between aqueous solutions of an acid and a base is called neutralization , producing a solution of water and a salt in which the salt separates into its ...