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The health and environmental impact of transport is significant because transport burns most of the world's petroleum. This causes illness and deaths from air pollution , including nitrous oxides and particulates , and is a significant cause of climate change through emission of carbon dioxide .
Urban areas face today the challenge of making transport sustainable in environmental (CO 2, air pollution, noise) and competitiveness terms while at the same time addressing social concerns. These range from the need to respond to health problems and demographic trends, fostering economic and social cohesion to taking into account the needs of ...
A companion document to the White Paper called "Smarter Choices" researched the potential to scale up the small and scattered sustainable transport initiatives then occurring across Britain, and concluded that the comprehensive application of these techniques could reduce peak period car travel in urban areas by over 20%. [9]
A SUMP is instrumental in solving urban transport problems and reaching local and higher-level environmental, social, and economic objectives. Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans are defined as "a strategic plan designed to satisfy the mobility needs of people and businesses in cities and their surroundings for a better quality of life.
Increasing the use of public transport, low-carbon freight transport and cycling are important components of transport decarbonisation. [202] [203] Electric vehicles and environmentally friendly rail help to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. In most cases, electric trains are more efficient than air transport and truck transport. [204]
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Smart growth principles are directed at developing sustainable communities that provide a greater range of transportation and housing choices and prioritize infill and redevelopment in existing communities rather than development of "greenfield" farmland or natural lands. Some of the fundamental aims for the benefits of residents and the ...
Public transportation in transport-deprived areas can improve mobility, economic opportunity, reduce household costs, and generally improve communities. [43] Some scholars argue that investing more in public transportation only helps those who are transport disadvantaged if public transportation is targeted at specific groups and provides ...