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Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. [11]
The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine is used to treat many forms of parasomnia. [71] Rapid eye movement behavior disorder responds well to low doses of clonazepam. [72] [73] Restless legs syndrome can be treated using clonazepam as a third line treatment option as the use of clonazepam is still investigational. [74] [75]
Clonazolam's effects are similar to other benzodiazepines, such as anxiolysis, disinhibition, lethargy, muscle relaxation, and euphoria. [2] [8] While no dose of clonazolam is considered "safe" due to its lack of research and extreme potency, doses higher than 0.5 mg can cause benzodiazepine overdose in some individuals.
Cloniprazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative and a prodrug of clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, and other metabolites. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Some of the minor metabolites include 3-hydroxyclonazepam and 6-hydroxyclonazepam , 3-hydroxycloniprazepam and ketocloniprazepam with ketone group formed where 3-hydroxy group was.
Clonazepam (1974). Clorazepate (1972). The following benzodiazepines are used to treat status epilepticus: Diazepam (1963). Can be given rectally by trained care-givers. Midazolam (N/A). Increasingly being used as an alternative to diazepam. This water-soluble drug is squirted into the side of the mouth but not swallowed.
Flurazepam is a "classical" benzodiazepine; some other classical benzodiazepines include diazepam, clonazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, bromazepam, and clorazepate. [16] Flurazepam generates an active metabolite, N-desalkylflurazepam, with a very long elimination half-life. [3]
Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use may include disinhibition, impaired concentration and memory, depression, [19] [20] as well as sexual dysfunction. [6] [21] The long-term effects of benzodiazepines may differ from the adverse effects seen after acute administration of benzodiazepines. [22]