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Surgery to remove the clot is possible, but rarely performed. In the past, surgical removal of the renal vein clot was the primary treatment but it is very invasive and many complications can occur. In the past decades, treatment has shifted its focus from surgical intervention to medical treatments that include intravenous and oral ...
Animation showing the formation of an occlusive blood clot in a vein. Several platelets attach to the lips of the valve, narrowing the opening and causing more platelets and red blood cells to pool and clot. Clotting of immobile blood on both sides of the blockage can cause the clot to spread in both directions.
Atherosclerosis: Overview. This article was reviewed by Craig Primack, MD, FACP, FAAP, FOMA. Atherosclerosis happens when a fatty substance called plaque builds up inside your arteries.
Thrombosis usually occurs in the kidney veins although it can also occur in arteries. Treatment is with oral anticoagulants (not heparin as heparin acts via anti-thrombin 3 which is lost in the proteinuria so it will be ineffective.) Hypercoagulopathy due to extravasation of fluid from the blood vessels (edema) is also a risk for venous thrombosis.
It can also occur in patients with increased hydrostatic venous pressure or decreased oncotic venous pressure, due to obstruction of lymphatic or venous vessels draining the lower extremity. Certain drugs (for example, amlodipine) can cause pedal edema. Cerebral edema is extracellular fluid accumulation in the brain. [1]
Inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS) is a very rare constellation of symptoms resulting from either obstruction or stenosis of the inferior vena cava. It can be caused by physical invasion or compression by a pathological process, or by thrombosis within the vein itself. It can also occur during pregnancy. Symptoms including high venous pressure ...
Kidney infarction: CT scan of the abdomen showing partial infarct of the left kidney. Specialty: Nephrology: Symptoms: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. [1] Complications: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. [1] Causes: Cardioembolic disease, renal artery injury, and hypercoagulable state. [1] Diagnostic method
In terms of cause, almost any condition that involves ischemia can lead to renal papillary necrosis. A mnemonic for the causes of renal papillary necrosis is POSTCARDS: pyelonephritis, obstruction of the urogenital tract, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, analgesia/alcohol use disorder, renal vein thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic vasculitis. [3]