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Barium iodate, Ba(IO 3) 2, has a solubility product K sp = [Ba 2+][IO 3 −] 2 = 1.57 x 10 −9. Its solubility in pure water is 7.32 x 10 −4 M. However in a solution that is 0.0200 M in barium nitrate, Ba(NO 3) 2, the increase in the common ion barium leads to a decrease in iodate ion concentration. The solubility is therefore reduced to 1. ...
The solubility of a specific solute in a specific solvent is generally expressed as the concentration of a saturated solution of the two. [1] Any of the several ways of expressing concentration of solutions can be used, such as the mass, volume, or amount in moles of the solute for a specific mass, volume, or mole amount of the solvent or of the solution.
The concentration of the solute in a saturated solution is known as the solubility. Units of solubility may be molar (mol dm −3) or expressed as mass per unit volume, such as μg mL −1. Solubility is temperature dependent. A solution containing a higher concentration of solute than the solubility is said to be supersaturated. A ...
Note the decrease in ΔG ‡ activation for the polar-solvent reaction conditions. This arises from the fact that polar solvents stabilize the formation of the carbocation intermediate to a greater extent than the non-polar-solvent conditions. This is apparent in the ΔE a, ΔΔG ‡ activation. On the right is an S N 2 reaction
Unwanted proteins can be removed from a protein solution mixture by salting out as long as the solubility of the protein in various concentrations of salt solution is known. After removing the precipitate by filtration or centrifugation , the desired protein can be precipitated by altering the salt concentration to the level at which the ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
By contrast, later salts in the series increase the solubility of nonpolar molecules ("salting in") and decrease the order in water; in effect, they weaken the hydrophobic effect. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] The "salting out" effect is commonly exploited in protein purification through the use of ammonium sulfate precipitation . [ 16 ]
Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. There are two sets of rules; one refers to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions.