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Caffenol is a photographic alternative process whereby phenols, sodium carbonate and optionally vitamin C are used in aqueous solution as a film and print photographic developer. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Other basic (as opposed to acidic ) chemicals can be used in place of sodium carbonate; however, sodium carbonate is the most common.
In the RA-4 process, the bleach and fix are combined. This is optional, and reduces the number of processing steps. [12] Transparency films, except Kodachrome, are developed using the E-6 process, which has the following stages: A black and white developer develops the silver in each image layer. Development is stopped with a rinse or a stop bath.
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Ap-41 process (pre-1978 Agfa color slides; 1978-1983 was a transition period when Agfa slowly changed their color slide films from AP-41 to E6) Anthotype; Autochrome Lumière, 1903; Carbon print, 1862; Chromogenic positive E-3 process; E-4 process; E-6 process; Chromogenic negative C-41 process; RA-4 process; Dufaycolor; Dye destruction ...
C-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process introduced by Kodak in 1972, [1] superseding the C-22 process.C-41, also known as CN-16 by Fuji, CNK-4 by Konica, and AP-70 by AGFA, is the most popular film process in use, with most, if not all photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this development process.
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Currently, the standard analog photographic printing process for black-and-white photographs is the gelatin silver process. [1] Standard digital processes include the pigment print, and digital laser exposures on traditional color photographic paper. [citation needed] Alternative processes often overlap with historical, or non-silver processes.
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.