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In chemistry, pH (/ p iː ˈ eɪ tʃ / pee-AYCH), also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"). [1] It is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions.
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...
English orthography comprises the set of rules used when writing the English language, [1] [2] ... Some other examples are ph ... sometimes even in the same sentence ...
One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications.
The Britton–Robinson buffer (BRB or PEM) is a "universal" pH buffer used for the pH range from 2 to 12. It has been used historically as an alternative to the McIlvaine buffer, which has a smaller pH range of effectiveness (from 2 to 8). [1] Universal buffers consist of mixtures of acids of diminishing strength (increasing pK a), so that the ...
Depending on local conventions, underscores (underlines) may be used on manuscripts (and historically on typescripts) to indicate the special typefaces to be used: [2] [3] single dashed underline for stet, 'let it stand', proof-reading mark cancelled. single straight underline for italic type; single wavy underline for bold type
Archaic form of Phi. Phi (/ f aɪ /; [1] uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ; Ancient Greek: ϕεῖ pheî; Modern Greek: φι fi) is the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet.. In Archaic and Classical Greek (c. 9th to 4th century BC), it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive ([pʰ]), which was the origin of its usual romanization as ph .
The first way to divide sentences into groups was the original paragraphos, similar to an underscore at the beginning of the new group. [1] The Greek parágraphos evolved into the pilcrow (¶), which in English manuscripts in the Middle Ages can be seen inserted inline between sentences. Indented paragraphs demonstrated in the US Constitution