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Historically A-diaeresis was written as an A with two dots above the letter. A-umlaut was written as an A with a small e written above (Aͤ aͤ): this minute e degenerated to two vertical bars in medieval handwriting (A̎ a̎). In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots.
Umlaut (/ ˈ ʊ m l aʊ t /) is a name for the two dots diacritical mark ( ̈) as used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters ä , ö , and ü ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ).
Diaeresis [a] (/ d aɪ ˈ ɛr ə s ɪ s,-ˈ ɪər-/ dy-ERR-ə-siss, - EER-) [1] is a diacritical mark consisting of two dots ( ̈) that indicates that two adjacent vowel letters are separate syllables – a vowel hiatus (also called a diaeresis) – rather than a digraph or diphthong.
Reversed S (=Tone two) ... Small capital B with dot above: ... G with three dots above/diaeresis and dot above: Book Pahlavi transliteration
Ȧ (minuscule: ȧ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from A with the addition of a dot above the letter. It is occasionally used as a phonetic symbol for a low central vowel, / ä / . As a character in a computer file, it can be represented in the Unicode character encoding but not the standard ASCII character encoding.
In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots. The origin of the letter ö was a similar ligature for the digraph OE: e was written above o and degenerated into two small dots. [citation needed] In some inscriptions and display typefaces, ö may be represented as an o with a small letter e inside.
Ü (lowercase ü) is a Latin script character composed of the letter U and the diaeresis diacritical mark. In some alphabets such as those of a number of Romance languages or Guarani it denotes an instance of regular U to be construed in isolation from adjacent characters with which it would usually form a larger unit; other alphabets like the Azerbaijani, Estonian, German, Hungarian and ...
͘ – a dot above right is used in Pe̍h-ōe-jī; tittle, the superscript dot of the modern lowercase Latin i and j two dots: two overdots ( ̈) are used for umlaut, diaeresis and others; (for example ö) two underdots ( ̤) are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and the ALA-LC romanization system