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The strength of inductive effect is also dependent on the distance between the substituent group and the main group that react; the longer the distance, the weaker the effect. Inductive effects can be expressed quantitatively through the Hammett equation, which describes the relationship between reaction rates and equilibrium constants with ...
Most cannabis drug tests yield a positive result when the concentration of THC-COOH in urine exceeds 50 ng/mL. [10] Urine testing is an immunoassay based test on the principle of competitive binding. Drugs which may be present in the urine specimen compete against their respective drug conjugate for binding sites on their specific antibody.
The lone electron in NO 2 also means that this compound is a free radical, so the formula for nitrogen dioxide is often written as • NO 2. The reddish-brown color is a consequence of preferential absorption of light in the blue region of the spectrum (400–500 nm), although the absorption extends throughout the visible (at shorter ...
Second hand cigarette smoke may give you cancer, but a second hand toke from a marijuana joint could make you lose your job! New research out of the University of Calgary might have people ...
However, another effect that plays a role is the +M effect which adds electron density back into the benzene ring (thus having the opposite effect of the -I effect but by a different mechanism). This is called the mesomeric effect (hence +M) and the result for fluorine is that the +M effect approximately cancels out the -I effect.
National health surveys by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration show those between ages 18 and 25 make up the largest part of the market: More than 40% of young ...
The antibody will then react with the drug-protein conjugate and a visible colored line will show up in the test line region of the specific drug strip. [20] A common misconception is that a drug test that is testing for a class of drugs, for example, opioids, will detect all drugs of that class.
An electric effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of a molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. [1] In organic chemistry , the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry ( stereochemistry ) of a molecule.