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  2. Heat transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer

    Heat transfer is the energy exchanged between materials (solid/liquid/gas) as a result of a temperature difference. The thermodynamic free energy is the amount of work that a thermodynamic system can perform.

  3. Newton's law of cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_cooling

    In convective heat transfer, Newton's Law is followed for forced air or pumped fluid cooling, where the properties of the fluid do not vary strongly with temperature, but it is only approximately true for buoyancy-driven convection, where the velocity of the flow increases with temperature difference. In the case of heat transfer by thermal ...

  4. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

    The flow of heat is a form of energy transfer. Heat transfer is the natural process of moving energy to or from a system, other than by work or the transfer of matter. In a diathermal system, the internal energy can only be changed by the transfer of energy as heat: =.

  5. Heat transfer physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer_physics

    The macroscopic energy equation for infinitesimal volume used in heat transfer analysis is [6] = +, ˙, where q is heat flux vector, −ρc p (∂T/∂t) is temporal change of internal energy (ρ is density, c p is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, T is temperature and t is time), and ˙ is the energy conversion to and from thermal ...

  6. Thermodynamic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system

    Electrical energy travels across the boundary to produce a spark between the electrodes and initiates combustion. Heat transfer occurs across the boundary after combustion but no mass transfer takes place either way. The first law of thermodynamics for energy transfers for closed system may be stated: =

  7. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    The first law specifies that energy can be transferred between physical systems as heat, as work, and with transfer of matter. [5] The second law defines the existence of a quantity called entropy , that describes the direction, thermodynamically, that a system can evolve and quantifies the state of order of a system and that can be used to ...

  8. Heat transfer coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer_coefficient

    In thermodynamics, the heat transfer coefficient or film coefficient, or film effectiveness, is the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i.e., the temperature difference, ΔT).

  9. First law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics

    The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes.The law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work, that modify a thermodynamic system containing a constant amount of matter.