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Vulvar cancer is a cancer of the vulva, the outer portion of the female genitals. [1] It most commonly affects the labia majora. [1] Less often, the labia minora, clitoris, or Bartholin's glands are affected. [1] Symptoms include a lump, itchiness, changes in the skin, or bleeding from the vulva. [1]
Rare, <1% of all female genital tract cancer, <5% of vulvar cancer [2] Bartholin gland carcinoma is a type of cancer of the vulva arising in the Bartholin gland . [ 2 ] It typically presents with a painless mass at one side of the vaginal opening in a female of middle-age and older, and can appear similar to a Bartholin cyst . [ 2 ]
The procedure is usually performed as a last resort in certain cases of cancer, [1] vulvar dysplasia, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, [2] or as part of female genital mutilation. Although there may be severe pain in the groin area after the procedure, for a number of weeks, sexual function is generally still possible but limited. [3]
Symptoms that may be caused by urethral cancer include: Blood visible in urine. [1] Bloody urethral discharge. [2] Weak or interrupted flow of urine. Urination occurs often, painful urination, inability to pass urine. A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis. [1] Enlarged lymph nodes or pain in the groin or vaginal area.
The presence of swollen inguinal lymph nodes is an important clinical sign because lymphadenopathy (swelling) may indicate an infection, or spread as a metastasis from cancers, such as anal cancer and vulvar cancer. Inguinal lymph nodes may normally be up to 2 cm. [1] The cut-off value for normal sized inguinal nodes is up to 10 mm. [6]
Gynecologic cancer is a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive age but posing threats to fertility for younger patients. [ 1 ]
Vaginal cancer is an extraordinarily rare form of cancer that develops in the tissue of the vagina. [1] Primary vaginal cancer originates from the vaginal tissue – most frequently squamous cell carcinoma, but primary vaginal adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma have also been reported [2] – while secondary vaginal cancer involves the metastasis of a cancer that originated in a different ...
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
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