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Vitamin B 12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins.It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]
Lack of vitamin B12 can cause megaloblastic anemia—a condition characterized by larger than normal red blood cells in a smaller than normal amount. This causes fatigue, paleness in the skin ...
The structure of vitamin B 12 was the first low-molecular weight natural product determined by x-ray analysis rather than by chemical degradation. Thus, while the structure of this novel type of complex biomolecule was established, its chemistry remained essentially unknown; exploration of this chemistry became one of the tasks of the vitamin's chemical synthesis.
Cobalamin biosynthesis is the process by which bacteria and archea make cobalamin, vitamin B 12. Many steps are involved in converting aminolevulinic acid via uroporphyrinogen III and adenosylcobyric acid to the final forms in which it is used by enzymes in both the producing organisms and other species, including humans who acquire it through ...
Vitamin B12 does also accumulate in a few plant-based sources, including some mushrooms, seaweed, and nutritional yeast, but not enough to fortify vegans, who, in particular, should consider being ...
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that’s naturally present in some foods, although it’s also available as a dietary supplement and prescription medicine, according to the National ...
Both vitamin B 12 and folate are involved in the one-carbon metabolism cycle. In this cycle, vitamin B 12 is a necessary cofactor for methionine synthase, an enzyme involved in the methylation of homocysteine to methionine. [43] DNA methylation is involved in the functioning of genes and is an essential epigenetic control mechanism in mammals.
In humans most cobalt is found in Vitamin B12.A cobalt atom is visible in the center in this diagram. Cobalt is essential to the metabolism of all animals.It is a key constituent of cobalamin, also known as vitamin B 12, the primary biological reservoir of cobalt as an ultratrace element.
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