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The Umayyad Caliphate and its provinces (in green) at its greatest extent, c. 740. The Khazars and the Arabs came into conflict as a result of the first phase of Muslim expansion; by 640, following their conquest of Byzantine Syria and Upper Mesopotamia, the Arabs had reached Armenia.
Over the course of 16 years during the 7th century, most of the Sasanian Empire was conquered by the emerging Muslim caliphate. [140] Although the administration of the state was rapidly Islamicized and subsumed under the Umayyad Caliphate, in the beginning "there was little serious pressure" exerted on newly subjected people to adopt Islam. [141]
This is a list of irredentist claims or disputes.Irredentism is any political or popular movement that seeks to claim or reclaim and occupy a land that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory from their nation's past.
The Hungarian invasions of Europe (Hungarian: kalandozások, German: Ungarneinfälle) occurred in the 9th and 10th centuries, during the period of transition in the history of Europe of the Early Middle Ages, when the territory of the former Carolingian Empire was threatened by invasion by the Magyars from the east, the Viking expansion from the north, and the Arabs from the south.
The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), [3] is a global military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks in 2001, and is the most recent global conflict spanning multiple wars.
Spain, [f] officially the Kingdom of Spain, [a] [g] is a country in Southwestern Europe with territories in North Africa. [12] [h] Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state.
This is a list of fictional countries from published works of fiction (books, films, television series, games, etc.). Fictional works describe all the countries in the following list as located somewhere on the surface of the Earth as opposed to underground, inside the planet, on another world, or during a different "age" of the planet with a different physical geography.