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The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, [5] succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, [6] when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia is a duchy in the Baltic region that existed from 1562 to 1791 as a vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. From 1685, District of Pilten was in union with the duchy.
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
Due to population size differences between Lithuania and Poland, the Grand Duchy had three times less representatives than the Crown. [28] Usually larger voivodeships could send 6 deputies, smaller 2; ziemias, depending on their sizes, would send 2 or 1. [27]
As the Grand Duchy of Lithuania expanded into Slavic lands, title to the acquired principalities was given to the Grand Duke's offspring or to others of his relatives. For example, Mindaugas granted Black Ruthenia with its center in Navahrudak to his son Vaišvilkas , Grand Duke Gediminas (1316–1341) sent his brother Teodoras to Kiev . [ 1 ]
Duchy of Livonia (joint dominion) In the early 17th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in Europe, comprising about 1,000,000 km 2 (390,000 sq mi) of land with a population of some 12 000 000 people (5m Ruthenians , 4.5m Poles , 0.75m Lithuanians , 0.75m Prussians , 0.5m Jews and 0.5m ...
For most of its existence, it was a constituent part and a nucleus of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Other alternative names of the territorial formation, used in different periods, were Aukštaitija or Land of Lithuania (13th century), Duchy of Vilnius (14th – early 15th centuries), [2] Lithuania proper, or simply Lithuania (in a narrow sense).
The primary Lithuanian state, the Duchy of Lithuania, emerged in the territory of Lietuva, the ethnic homeland of Lithuanians. At the birth of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL), ethnic Lithuanians made up about 70% of the population. [1] With the acquisition of new Ruthenian territories, this proportion decreased to 50% and later to 30%.