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A joint venture (JV) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance.. Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four reasons: to access a new market, particularly emerging market; to gain scale efficiencies by combining assets and operations; to share risk for major investments or ...
PS (Pilnsabiedrība) ≈ general partnership, joint venture; KS (Komandītsabiedrība): ≈ limited partnership; ĀKF (Ārzemju komersanta filiāle): branch of a foreign enterprise; BO (Bezpeļņas organizācija): ≈ nonprofit organization; VSIA (Valsts sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību): ≈ state-owned LLC/Ltd.
Basically there are three key differences between them. Firstly, it relates to the degree of involvement and coordination from the centre. Moreover, the difference relates to the degree of product standardization and responsiveness to local business environment. The last is that difference has to do with strategy integration and competitive moves.
A first-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary/child company of the ultimate parent company, [note 1] [10] while a second-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary of a first-tier subsidiary: a "grandchild" of the main parent company. [11] Consequently, a third-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary of a second-tier subsidiary—a "great-grandchild" of the main parent ...
An equity joint venture is a partnership between an overseas and a Chinese individual, enterprises or financial organizations approved by the Chinese government. [8] Companies in an equity joint venture share both mutual rewards, risks and losses according to the ratio of investment. [8]
Subsidiaries are separate, distinct legal entities for the purposes of taxation, regulation and liability.For this reason, they differ from divisions, which are businesses fully integrated within the main company, and not legally or otherwise distinct from it.
A parent company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors; the second company being deemed a subsidiary of the parent company. The definition of a parent company differs by jurisdiction, with the definition normally being defined by way of ...
easier to terminate than an equity joint venture; simpler establishment than a joint venture; full control of human resources. A key feature of a WFOE is that it allows for any profits made in running the business to be repatriated without prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE). Dividends cannot be distributed and ...