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A drawing of Thomas Highs' spinning jenny, taken from Edward Baines's History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain. Thomas Highs (1718–1803), of Leigh, Lancashire, was a reed-maker [1] [2] and manufacturer of cotton carding and spinning engines in the 1780s, during the Industrial Revolution.
The rival machine, the throstle frame or ring frame was a continuous process, where the roving was drawn twisted and wrapped in one action. The spinning mule became self-acting (automatic) in 1830s. The mule was the most common spinning machine from 1790 until about 1900, but was still used for fine yarns until the 1960s.
The throstle frame was a spinning machine for cotton, wool, and other fibers, differing from a mule in having a continuous action, the processes of drawing, twisting, and winding being carried on simultaneously. [2] It derived its name from the "singing or humming which it occasioned," [3] throstle being a dialect name for the song thrush.
The Paul-Wyatt cotton mills were the world's first mechanised cotton spinning factories. [1] Operating from 1741 until 1764 they were built to house the roller spinning machinery invented by Lewis Paul and John Wyatt. They were not very profitable but they spun cotton successfully for several decades. [2]
Richard Arkwright employed John Kay to produce a new spinning machine that Kay had worked on with (or possibly stolen from) another inventor named Thomas Highs. [2] With the help of other local craftsmen, including Peter Atherton, the team developed the spinning frame, which produced a stronger thread than the spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves. [3]
They initially concentrated on looms, but eventually expanded to manufacture the complete range of machinery used in a cotton mill. John Bullough, (born 1837) died in 1891. By then Bulloughs was the world's largest manufacturer of ring spinning frames, and John, the owner of the Isle of Rùm , was the first cotton machine manufacturing millionaire.
Spinning jenny at Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery. Hargreaves kept the machine secret for some time, but produced a number for his own growing industry. The price of yarn fell, angering the large spinning community in Blackburn. Eventually they broke into his house and smashed his machines, forcing him to flee to Nottingham in 1768. This was a ...
Headstock of a Hetherington designed Spinning Mule 1892. John Hetherington & Sons was founded in 1830. The company gradually expanded and acquired a number of factory buildings in Ancoats. It established the Vulcan Works on Pollard Street in around 1856 and left these buildings in 1939 when the Lancashire cotton industry was in decline.