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The distinction corresponds to the utopian versus dystopian spectrum used in some theoretical assessments of liberalism, and the book's title is borrowed from the work of the anti-utopian classic-liberal theorist Karl Popper. Other proposed axes include: Focus of political concern: communitarianism vs. individualism.
Liberal conservatism is a variant of conservatism that is strongly influenced by liberal stances. [80] It incorporates the classical liberal view of minimal economic interventionism , meaning that individuals should be free to participate in the market and generate wealth without government interference. [ 81 ]
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, ...
Liberal conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative policies with liberal stances, especially on economic issues but also on social and ethical matters, [1] representing a brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by liberalism.
Mussolini conceived of fascism openly and directly as liberalism’s opposite. He wrote in an article in the Enciclopedia Italiana (1932) that “Fascism should more appropriately be called ...
Liberal internationalism is a key component of American foreign policy, supporting increased involvement in the affairs of other countries to promote liberalism and seek liberal peace. This ideology was first developed in the United States as Wilsonianism during World War I, replacing the expansionism of the Roosevelt Corollary . [ 115 ]
Democracy promises majoritarian rule while liberal values promise the protection of minorities. [44] Furthermore, it is said that populism is a product of democracy, but in general populist leaders try to use the democratic aspect of liberal democracies to undermine liberalism. This is closely related to Zakaria's argument.
Marxism is a theory of class justice... Unlike liberalism, which sees rights as a positive-sum good that can expand or contract for society as a whole, Marxists (and other left-wing critics of liberalism) think of political rights as a zero-sum conflict. Either they are exercised on behalf of oppression or against it." [30]