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  2. Equilibrium constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant

    The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilibrium constant is ...

  3. Partition coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_coefficient

    Here, the green substance has a greater solubility in the lower layer than in the upper layer. The partition coefficient , abbreviated P , is defined as a particular ratio of the concentrations of a solute between the two solvents (a biphase of liquid phases), specifically for un- ionized solutes, and the logarithm of the ratio is thus log P .

  4. Determination of equilibrium constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determination_of...

    The value of the equilibrium constant for the formation of a 1:1 complex, such as a host-guest species, may be calculated with a dedicated spreadsheet application, Bindfit: [4] In this case step 2 can be performed with a non-iterative procedure and the pre-programmed routine Solver can be used for step 3.

  5. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    Likewise, any aqueous base with an association constant pK b less than about 0, corresponding to pK a greater than about 14, is leveled to OH − and is considered a strong base. [22] Nitric acid, with a pK value of around −1.7, behaves as a strong acid in aqueous solutions with a pH greater than 1. [23] At lower pH values it behaves as a ...

  6. Dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_constant

    In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.

  7. Activity coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_coefficient

    In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. [1] In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures ...

  8. Relative volatility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_volatility

    = Henry's law constant (also called the K value or vapor-liquid distribution ratio) of a component When their liquid concentrations are equal, more volatile components have higher vapor pressures than less volatile components.

  9. Chemical equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium

    Most commonly [OH −] is replaced by K w [H +] −1 in equilibrium constant expressions which would otherwise include hydroxide ion. Solids also do not appear in the equilibrium constant expression, if they are considered to be pure and thus their activities taken to be one. An example is the Boudouard reaction: [14] 2 CO ⇌ CO 2 + C