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Pneumonitis describes general inflammation of lung tissue. [1] [2] Possible causative agents include radiation therapy of the chest, [3] exposure to medications used during chemo-therapy, the inhalation of debris (e.g., animal dander), aspiration, herbicides or fluorocarbons and some systemic diseases.
The diagnosis requires consistent symptoms with two additional signs: [citation needed] Chest X-ray or CT scan showing evidence of right middle lobe (or left lingular lobe) lung infection; Sputum culture or bronchoalveolar lavage culture demonstrating the infection is caused by MAC; Disseminated MAC is most readily diagnosed by one positive ...
People affected by this type of lung inflammation (pneumonitis) are commonly exposed to the antigens by their occupations, hobbies, the environment and animals. [ 4 ] [ 3 ] The inhaled antigens produce a hypersensitivity immune reaction causing inflammation of the airspaces ( alveoli ) and small airways ( bronchioles ) within the lung . [ 4 ]
Computed tomography (CT) may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Often the findings are typical enough to allow the doctor to make a diagnosis without ordering additional tests. [19] To confirm the diagnosis, a doctor may perform a lung biopsy using a bronchoscope. Many times, a larger specimen is needed and must be removed surgically.
A proinflammatory cytokine causes hyperinflammation, the leading cause of lung tissue destruction in cystic fibrosis. [12] With such a strong inflammatory response and an elevated number of immune cells, lungs of cystic fibrosis patients cannot clear the bacteria and become more susceptible to infections.
Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in one or both of the lungs. The pulmonary alveoli fill with fluid or pus making it difficult to breathe. [1] Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. [1] Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children, while in adults bacteria are a more common cause. [2]
Infectious arthritis typically happens due to a bacterial infection, often a staph infection. But it can also have fungal or viral causes. But it can also have fungal or viral causes. Toa55 / iStock
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess and acute bronchitis. Symptoms include shortness of breath , weakness, fever , coughing and fatigue. [ 3 ]