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Although the gender of God in Judaism is referred to in the Tanakh with masculine imagery and grammatical forms, traditional Jewish philosophy does not attribute the concept of sex to God. [1] At times, Jewish aggadic literature and Jewish mysticism do treat God as having a gender.
In the Hebrew and Christian Bible, God is usually described in male terms in biblical sources, [1] with female analogy in Genesis 1:26–27, [i] [2] Psalm 123:2-3, [ii] and Luke 15:8–10; [iii] a mother in Deuteronomy 32:18, [iv] Isaiah 66:13, [v] Isaiah 49:15, [vi] Isaiah 42:14, [vii] Psalm 131:2; [viii] and a mother hen in Matthew 23:37 [ix] and Luke 13:34, [x] although never directly ...
The first words of the Old Testament are B'reshit bara Elohim—"In the beginning God created." [1] The verb bara (created) agrees with a masculine singular subject.[citation needed] Elohim is used to refer to both genders and is plural; it has been used to refer to both Goddess (in 1 Kings 11:33), and God (1 Kings 11:31; [2]).
The term never appears in the Hebrew Bible; later rabbis used the word when speaking of God dwelling either in the Tabernacle or amongst the people of Israel. The root of the word means "dwelling". Of the principal names of God, it is the only one that is of the feminine gender in Hebrew grammar.
Wallace concludes that "it is difficult to find any text in which πνευμα is grammatically referred to with the masculine gender". [8] In Hebrew the word for Spirit (רוח) (ruach) is feminine, (which is used in the Hebrew Bible, as is the feminine word "shekhinah" in rabbinic literature, to indicate the presence of God, Arabic ...
Gender in Bible translation concerns various issues, such as the gender of God and generic antecedents in reference to people. Bruce Metzger states that the English language is so biased towards the male gender that it restricts and obscures the meaning of the original language, which was more gender-inclusive than a literal translation would convey. [1]
Diane Wolfthal. Picturing Yiddish : gender, identity, and memory in the illustrated Yiddish books of Renaissance Italy. Brill's series in Jewish studies. 36, Leiden: Boston : Brill, 2004. ISBN 90-04-13905-2. Helena Zlotnick. Dinah's daughters : gender and Judaism from the Hebrew Bible to late antiquity.
According to Aryeh Kaplan, God is always referred to as "He" in Judaism, "not to imply that the concept of sex or gender applies to God", but because "there is no neuter in the Hebrew language, and the Hebrew word for God is a masculine noun" as he "is an active rather than a passive creative force". [181]