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2. Johnson–Nyquist noise - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson–Nyquist_noise

   However, the combination of a resistor and a capacitor (an RC circuit, a common low-pass filter) has what is called kTC noise. The noise bandwidth of an RC circuit is =. [7] When this is substituted into the thermal noise equation, the result has an unusually simple form as the value of the resistance (R) drops out of the equation.

3. Signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio

   This way the noise covers a bandwidth that is much wider than the signal itself. The resulting signal influence relies mainly on the filtering of the noise. To describe the signal quality without taking the receiver into account, the optical SNR (OSNR) is used. The OSNR is the ratio between the signal power and the noise power in a given bandwidth.

4. Noise spectral density - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_spectral_density

   If the noise is one-sided white noise, i.e., constant with frequency, then the total noise power N integrated over a bandwidth B is N = BN 0 (for double-sided white noise, the bandwidth is doubled, so N is BN 0 /2). This is utilized in signal-to-noise ratio calculations.

5. Bandwidth (signal processing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)

   The noise equivalent bandwidth (or equivalent noise bandwidth (enbw)) of a system of frequency response is the bandwidth of an ideal filter with rectangular frequency response centered on the system's central frequency that produces the same average power outgoing () when both systems are excited with a white noise source. The value of the ...

6. Eb/N0 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eb/N0

   For this calculation, it is conventional to define a normalized rate = / (), a bandwidth utilization parameter of bits per second per half hertz, or bits per dimension (a signal of bandwidth B can be encoded with dimensions, according to the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem). Making appropriate substitutions, the Shannon limit is:

7. Friis formulas for noise - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friis_formulas_for_noise

   Friis's formula is used to calculate the total noise factor of a cascade of stages, each with its own noise factor and power gain (assuming that the impedances are matched at each stage). The total noise factor can then be used to calculate the total noise figure. The total noise factor is given as

8. Shannon–Hartley theorem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon–Hartley_theorem

   In the simple version above, the signal and noise are fully uncorrelated, in which case + is the total power of the received signal and noise together. A generalization of the above equation for the case where the additive noise is not white (or that the ⁠ / ⁠ is not constant with frequency over the bandwidth) is obtained by treating the channel as many narrow, independent Gaussian ...

9. Noise calculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_calculation

   Noise experts and some small specialized companies have slowly developed a limited number of calculation tools, which have increased in number and become more user-friendly, covering more application cases, and adding service elements to the noise calculation tools. The noise calculation process is complex in input (gathering data, correctly ...