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2. Calculus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus

   Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape, and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. Originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals", it has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus.

3. List of calculus topics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calculus_topics

   Fundamental theorem of calculus; Integration by parts; Inverse chain rule method; Integration by substitution. Tangent half-angle substitution; Differentiation under the integral sign; Trigonometric substitution; Partial fractions in integration. Quadratic integral; Proof that 22/7 exceeds π; Trapezium rule; Integral of the secant function ...

4. Outline of calculus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_calculus

   Calculus is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. This subject constitutes a major part of contemporary mathematics education . Calculus has widespread applications in science , economics , and engineering and can solve many problems for which algebra alone is insufficient.

5. Integral - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral

   A Brief Introduction to Infinitesimal Calculus, University of Iowa; Mauch, Sean, Sean's Applied Math Book, CIT, an online textbook that includes a complete introduction to calculus; Crowell, Benjamin, Calculus, Fullerton College, an online textbook; Garrett, Paul, Notes on First-Year Calculus; Hussain, Faraz, Understanding Calculus, an online ...

6. History of calculus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_calculus

   The ancient period introduced some of the ideas that led to integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous and systematic way. . Calculations of volumes and areas, one goal of integral calculus, can be found in the Egyptian Moscow papyrus (c. 1820 BC), but the formulas are only given for concrete numbers, some are only approximately true, and they are not ...

7. Derivative - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

   The application of hyperreal numbers to the foundations of calculus is called nonstandard analysis. This provides a way to define the basic concepts of calculus such as the derivative and integral in terms of infinitesimals, thereby giving a precise meaning to the d {\displaystyle d} in the Leibniz notation.