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Because both TCP and UDP run over the same network, in the mid-2000s a few businesses found that an increase in UDP traffic from these real-time applications slightly hindered the performance of applications using TCP such as point of sale, accounting, and database systems (when TCP detects packet loss, it will throttle back its data rate usage).
Over the commodity Internet, UDT has been used in many commercial products for fast file transfer over wide area networks. Because UDT is purely based on UDP, it has also been used in many situations where TCP is at a disadvantage to UDP. These scenarios include peer-to-peer applications, video and audio communication, and many others.
Tunneling a TCP-encapsulating payload (such as PPP) over a TCP-based connection (such as SSH's port forwarding) is known as "TCP-over-TCP", and doing so can induce a dramatic loss in transmission performance — known as the TCP meltdown problem [6] [7] which is why virtual private network (VPN) software may instead use a protocol simpler than ...
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a datagram protocol that is used over UDP and is designed for real-time data such as streaming media. The applications at any given network address are distinguished by their TCP or UDP port. By convention, certain well-known ports are associated with specific applications.
One concern about the move from TCP to UDP is that TCP is widely adopted and many of the "middleboxes" in the Internet infrastructure are tuned for TCP and rate-limit or even block UDP. Google carried out a number of exploratory experiments to characterize this and found that only a small number of connections were blocked in this manner. [3]
The differences are in the mapping of these semantics to underlying transports. Both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 use TCP as their transport. HTTP/3 uses QUIC, a transport layer network protocol which uses user space congestion control over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), although standardized for RTP use, [6] is not normally used in RTP applications because TCP favors reliability over timeliness. Instead, the majority of the RTP implementations are built on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). [5]
WireGuard uses only [7] UDP, [5] due to the potential disadvantages of TCP-over-TCP. [ 7 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Tunneling TCP over a TCP-based connection is known as "TCP-over-TCP", and doing so can induce a dramatic loss in transmission performance due to the TCP meltdown problem .