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Many accountants in the United States are not certified, particularly those who work in corporate America. They may be referred to as bookkeepers, accountants, junior accountants, staff accountants, senior accountants, or accounting supervisors, depending on their level in the management duties and their position in the corporate hierarchy.
An auditor is a person or a firm appointed by a company to execute an audit. [1] To act as an auditor, a person should be certified by the regulatory authority of accounting and auditing or possess certain specified qualifications.
Accountant at work. In the Commonwealth of Nations, which include the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong pre-1997, and several other states, commonly recognised accounting qualifications are Chartered Certified Accountant (), Chartered Accountant (CA or ACA), Certified Management Accountant (Institute of Certified Management Accountants) (CMA), Chartered Management ...
CIA – Certified Internal Auditor; CIF – Cost Insurance With Freight; CIMA – Chartered Institute of Management Accountants; CIO – Chief Information Officer, Chief Innovation Officer or Chief Investment Officer; CIP – Carriage and Insurance Paid; CISA – Certified Information Systems Auditor; CISO – Chief Information Security Officer
Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. [1] [2] Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. [3]
An information technology audit, or information systems audit, is an examination of the management controls within an Information technology (IT) infrastructure. The evaluation of obtained evidence determines if the information systems are safeguarding assets, maintaining data integrity , and operating effectively to achieve the organization's ...
The word is a variant of "controller". The "cont-" or "count-" part in that word was associated with "compt-", a variant of the verb "count". The term, though criticized by lexicographers such as Henry Watson Fowler, [1] is probably retained in part because in official titles it was deemed useful to have the title dissociated from the word and concept "control".
The primary customer of internal audit activity is the entity charged with oversight of management's activities. This is typically the audit committee, a sub-committee of the board of directors. To provide hierarchical independence, most chief audit executives report to the chairperson of the audit committee as to the performance of his/her duties.