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The chemical revolution was a period in the 18th century marked by significant advancements in the theory and practice of chemistry. Despite the maturity of most of the sciences during the scientific revolution, by the mid-18th century chemistry had yet to outline a systematic framework or theoretical doctrine.
3rd century BC: Archimedes calculates areas and volumes relating to conic sections, such as the area bounded between a parabola and a chord, and various volumes of revolution. [55] 3rd century BC: Archimedes discovers the sum/difference identity for trigonometric functions in the form of the "Theorem of Broken Chords". [45]
Rococo in the early 18th century. [7] Clavecin électrique, earliest surviving electric-powered musical instrument, in 1759 by Jean-Baptiste Thillaie Delaborde [8] Roulette was developed in 18th century France [9] from a primitive form created by Blaise Pascal (17th century). [10] In 1843, Louis and François Blanc introduced the single 0 style ...
By the mid-18th century, the Aufklärung (The Enlightenment) had transformed German high culture in music, philosophy, science, and literature. Christian Wolff was the pioneer as a writer who expounded the Enlightenment to German readers and legitimized German as a philosophic language.
Great advances in science have been termed "revolutions" since the 18th century. For example, in 1747, the French mathematician Alexis Clairaut wrote that "Newton was said in his own life to have created a revolution". [11] The word was also used in the preface to Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 work announcing the discovery of oxygen. "Few ...
18th century: of the horse-drawn hoe and scarifier by Jethro Tull [2] [3] [4] 1780s: Selective breeding and artificial selection pioneered by Robert Bakewell (1725–1795). [5] 1842: Superphosphate or chemical fertilizer developed by John Bennet Lawes (1814–1900). [6] 1850s: Steam-driven ploughing engine invented by John Fowler (1826–1864). [7]
From the early 15th century to the early 17th century the Age of Discovery had, through Portuguese seafarers, and later, Spanish, Dutch, French and English, opened up southern Africa, the Americas (New World), Asia and Oceania to European eyes: Bartholomew Dias had sailed around the Cape of southern Africa in search of a trade route to India; Christopher Columbus, on four journeys across the ...
Factors that historians note spurred innovation and discovery include the 17th century Scientific Revolution and the 18th/19th century Industrial Revolution. [1] [2] Another possible influence is the British patent system which had medieval origins and was codified with the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852 (15 & 16 Vict. c. 83). [3]