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Subacute compression develops over days to weeks. Acute compression develops within minutes to hours. Acute compression may follow subacute and chronic compression, especially if the cause is abscess or tumor. Regardless of the pace, spinal cord compression will predictably progress over time. [1] [2]
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [1]
Bowel dysfunction caused by a spinal cord injury will vary greatly depending on the severity and level of the spinal cord lesion. In complete spinal cord injury both sensory and motor functions are completely lost below the level of the lesion so there is a loss of voluntary control and loss of sensation of the need to defecate. [12] An ...
Damage to the spinal cord can be caused by traumatic injury, demyelinating disease, meningitis-retention syndrome, vitamin B 12 deficiency, syringomyelia, cauda equina syndrome, or spina bifida. Spinal cord compression from herniated disks, tumor, or spinal stenosis can also result in neurogenic bladder. [5] [8]
The etiology of dural ectasia is unknown, but it has been suggested that is due to increased hydrostatic pressure, [8] general weakened connective tissue [9] or as a result of the pulsatile flow of cerebrospinal fluid on weakened spinal dura. [10] Dural ectasia is common in Marfan syndrome, [3] occurring in 63–92% of people with the syndrome ...
Diastematomyelia (split spinal cord) [10] Tethered spinal cord is a disorder and not a mechanism so it does not spread to other people and there are no measures that can be done to prevent it beforehand. The only preventative measure that is successful is to surgically untether the spinal cord though there might already be irreversible damage. [11]
Bladder sphincter dyssynergia (also known as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) (the ICS standard terminology agreed 1998) [1] and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO)) is a consequence of a neurological pathology such as spinal injury [2] or multiple sclerosis [3] which disrupts central nervous system regulation of the micturition (urination) reflex resulting in dyscoordination of the ...
Signs include rear limb weakness or paralysis, urinary or fecal incontinence, and spinal pain. [5] Most cases of hemivertebrae have no or mild symptoms, so treatment is usually conservative. Severe cases may respond to surgical spinal cord decompression and vertebral stabilization. [6]