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Extraversion and introversion are a central trait dimension in human personality theory. The terms were introduced into psychology by Carl Jung, [1] though both the popular understanding and current psychological usage are not the same as Jung's original concept.
Analytical psychology distinguishes several psychological types or temperaments. Extravert (Jung's spelling, although some dictionaries prefer the variant extrovert) Introvert; Extraversion means "outward-turning" and introversion means "inward-turning". [21] These specific definitions vary somewhat from the popular usage of the words.
The difference between extraversion and introversion comes from the source of the decisive factor in forming motivation and developing ideas, whether it is objective (i.e., the external environment) or subjective (experienced within the mind, or "processes inherent in the psyche" [1]). When discussing function types, Jung ascribed movements of ...
Introverts recharge their batteries by spending time alone, while extroverts recharge by spending time with others. Astley recommends asking yourself the following questions if you need more help ...
Introverted child being comforted by her mother. Although personality traits develop throughout our lifetimes, many of us seem to come hardwired to approach the world in a certain way. Take, for ...
Introverts appear to be less responsive than extroverts to dopamine (a brain chemical linked to reward-driven learning), and have a more circumspect and cautious approach to risk than do extroverts. [3] Introverts are more governed by the neocortex, the part of the brain responsible for thinking, planning, language and decision making. [12]
Nomothetic psychology seeks general laws that can be applied to many different people, such as the principle of self-actualization or the trait of extraversion. Idiographic psychology is an attempt to understand the unique aspects of a particular individual.
In Big Five studies, extraversion has been associated with surgency. [103] Children with high Extraversion are energetic, talkative, social, and dominant with children and adults, whereas children with low extraversion tend to be quiet, calm, inhibited, and submissive to other children and adults. [104]