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This list contains various lists of state leaders, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government. Typically this list includes presidents, prime ministers or monarchs. Typically this list includes presidents, prime ministers or monarchs.
In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Andorra, Iran, and the Vatican City , a clergy member also acts as the head of state.
Chief of the Government (1940) Chief of the French State (1940–1944) 1945: Crimes against humanity and Treason Pierre Laval France: Chief of the Government (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1940 & 1942–1944) 1945: Crimes against humanity and Treason (Executed by firing squad) Vidkun Quisling Norway: Minister President of Norway (1942–1945) 1945
A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state. [1] The name given to the office of head of state depends on the country's form of government and any separation of powers; the powers of the office in each country range from being also the head of government to being little more than a ceremonial figurehead.
Benares State, British India: Joaquin Mora Fernandez: Head of State of Costa Rica Costa Rica: 1839–1842 Chile: Dost Mohammad Khan: Emir of Afghanistan Emirate of Afghanistan: 1840–1842 Mussoorie: Tomás Bobadilla: President of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic: 1844–1849 1868–1871† Puerto Rico Haiti: Louis Philippe I: King of ...
The oldest living former head of state is Guillermo Rodríguez, who was Acting President of Ecuador from 1972 to 1976. He is currently 101 years, 66 days. The longest lived female head of state is Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, who was Chair of the Presidium of Tuva. She lived from 1 January 1912 to 4 November 2008 dying at 96 years, 308 days.
For example, during a state visit by a foreign head of state, the president typically hosts a State Arrival Ceremony held on the South Lawn, a custom begun by John F. Kennedy in 1961. [117] This is followed by a state dinner given by the president which is held in the State Dining Room later in the evening. [118]
The chief executive of a state is its popularly elected governor, who typically holds office for a four-year term (although in some states the term is two years). Except for Nebraska , which has unicameral legislature, all states have a bicameral legislature, with the upper house usually called the Senate and the lower house called the House of ...