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Taiga or tayga (/ ˈ t aɪ ɡ ə / TY-gə; Russian: тайга́, IPA:), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest is the world's largest land biome. [1]
Other species that can tolerate the acidic soils of the taiga are lichens and mosses, yellow nutsedge, and water horsetail. The depth to bedrock has an effect on the plants that grow well in the taiga as well. A shallow depth to bedrock forces the plants to have shallow roots, limiting overall stability and water uptake.
Pukaskwa National Park in Ontario.. These hills support a large area of rich taiga forest dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) along with jack pine and some paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and in the warmer south-facing areas some trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), white spruce (Picea glauca), Ontario balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea).
These seven can be divided into two main groups. The northern regions of the boreal forest consists of four eco-zones – Taiga Cordillera, Taiga Plains, Taiga Shield and Hudson Plains – that are the most thinly treed areas where the growing season and average tree size progressively shrinks until the edge of the Arctic tundra is reached. [21]
This vast ecoregion is located in the heart of Siberia, stretching over 20° of latitude and 50° of longitude [1] (52° to 72° N, and 80° to 130° E). The climate in the East Siberian taiga is subarctic (the trees growing there are coniferous and deciduous) and displays high continentality, with extremes ranging from 40 °C (104 °F) to −65 °C (−85 °F) and possibly lower.
Because the environment is harsh and there are no mountain refuges in the ecoregion, biodiversity in plants is low. Five tree species dominate: the three 'dark taiga' species (Picea obovata (Siberian spruce), Abies sibirica (Siberian fir), Pinus sibirica (Siberian pine)), and P. sylvestris (Scots pine) and Larix sibirica (Siberian larch). [7]
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The Scandinavian and Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the taiga and boreal forests biome as defined by the WWF classification (ecoregion PA0608). [1] It is situated in Northern Europe between tundra in the north and temperate mixed forests in the south and occupies about 2,156,900 km 2 (832,800 sq mi) in Norway, Sweden, Finland and the northern part of European Russia, being the largest ...