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  2. Second partial derivative test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_partial_derivative_test

    At the remaining critical point (0, 0) the second derivative test is insufficient, and one must use higher order tests or other tools to determine the behavior of the function at this point. (In fact, one can show that f takes both positive and negative values in small neighborhoods around (0, 0) and so this point is a saddle point of f.)

  3. Derivative test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_test

    After establishing the critical points of a function, the second-derivative test uses the value of the second derivative at those points to determine whether such points are a local maximum or a local minimum. [1] If the function f is twice-differentiable at a critical point x (i.e. a point where f ′ (x) = 0), then:

  4. Critical point (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point_(mathematics)

    If the second derivative is null, the critical point is generally an inflection point, but may also be an undulation point, which may be a local minimum or a local maximum. For a function of n variables, the number of negative eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix at a critical point is called the index of the critical point.

  5. Newton's method in optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_method_in...

    Newton's method uses curvature information (i.e. the second derivative) to take a more direct route. In calculus , Newton's method (also called Newton–Raphson ) is an iterative method for finding the roots of a differentiable function f {\displaystyle f} , which are solutions to the equation f ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(x)=0} .

  6. Differential calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_calculus

    The second derivative test can still be used to analyse critical points by considering the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix of second partial derivatives of the function at the critical point. If all of the eigenvalues are positive, then the point is a local minimum; if all are negative, it is a local maximum.

  7. Critical point (thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point...

    Thus, the liquid–liquid critical point in a two-component system must satisfy two conditions: the condition of the spinodal curve (the second derivative of the free energy with respect to concentration must equal zero), and the extremum condition (the third derivative of the free energy with respect to concentration must also equal zero or ...

  8. Fermat's theorem (stationary points) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_theorem...

    However, in the general statement of Fermat's theorem, where one is only given that the derivative at is positive, one can only conclude that secant lines through will have positive slope, for secant lines between and near enough points. Conversely, if the derivative of f at a point is zero (is a stationary point), one cannot in general ...

  9. Second derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_derivative

    The second derivative of a function f can be used to determine the concavity of the graph of f. [2] A function whose second derivative is positive is said to be concave up (also referred to as convex), meaning that the tangent line near the point where it touches the function will lie below the graph of the function.