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  2. Frame problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_problem

    The frame problem can be thought of as the problem of formalizing the principle that, by default, "everything is presumed to remain in the state in which it is" (Leibniz, "An Introduction to a Secret Encyclopædia", c. 1679).

  3. Circumscription (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumscription_(logic)

    The frame problem shows in this example as the problem that is not a consequence of the above formulae, while the door is supposed to stay closed until the action of opening it is performed. Circumscription can be used to this aim by defining new variables c h a n g e _ o p e n t {\displaystyle change\_open_{t}} to model changes and then ...

  4. Separation logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_logic

    This is known as the frame rule (named after the frame problem) and enables local reasoning. It says that a program that executes safely in a small state (satisfying P {\displaystyle P} ), can also execute in any bigger state (satisfying P ∗ R {\displaystyle P\ast R} ) and that its execution will not affect the additional part of the state ...

  5. List of unsolved problems in computer science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    The problem to determine all positive integers such that the concatenation of and in base uses at most distinct characters for and fixed [citation needed] and many other problems in the coding theory are also the unsolved problems in mathematics.

  6. Logic in computer science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_in_computer_science

    Diagrammatic representation of computer logic gates. Logic in computer science covers the overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science. The topic can essentially be divided into three main areas: Theoretical foundations and analysis; Use of computer technology to aid logicians; Use of concepts from logic for computer applications

  7. Knowledge representation and reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation...

    A frame is similar to an object class: It is an abstract description of a category describing things in the world, problems, and potential solutions. Frames were originally used on systems geared toward human interaction, e.g. understanding natural language and the social settings in which various default expectations such as ordering food in a ...

  8. Trump says US should 'NOT GET INVOLVED' in conflict in Syria

    www.aol.com/news/trump-says-us-not-involved...

    WASHINGTON (Reuters) -President-elect Donald Trump said on Saturday the U.S. should not be involved in the conflict in Syria, where rebel forces are threatening the government of President Bashar ...

  9. Computational thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_thinking

    The history of computational thinking as a concept dates back at least to the 1950s but most ideas are much older. [6] [3] Computational thinking involves ideas like abstraction, data representation, and logically organizing data, which are also prevalent in other kinds of thinking, such as scientific thinking, engineering thinking, systems thinking, design thinking, model-based thinking, and ...