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An estimation of the CAPM and the security market line (purple) for the Dow Jones Industrial Average over 3 years for monthly data.. In finance, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset, to make decisions about adding assets to a well-diversified portfolio.
Grinold, Kroner, and Siegel (2011) estimated the inputs to the Grinold and Kroner model and arrived at a then-current equity risk premium estimate between 3.5% and 4%. [2] The equity risk premium is the difference between the expected total return on a capitalization-weighted stock market index and the yield on a riskless government bond (in ...
Weighted average cost of capital equation: WACC= (W d)[(K d)(1-t)]+ (W pf)(K pf)+ (W ce)(K ce) Cost of new equity should be the adjusted cost for any underwriting fees termed flotation costs (F): K e = D 1 /P 0 (1-F) + g; where F = flotation costs, D 1 is dividends, P 0 is price of the stock, and g is the growth rate. There are 3 ways of ...
Both the cap-weighted market portfolio and the CAPM model are inefficient. If we assume that the capitalization-weighted market portfolio is not efficient, assuming a pricing inefficiency, capitalization-weighting might be sub-optimal and the degree of sub-performance might be proportional to the degree of random noise. [3] [10] [11]
For example, if Company A had 20 million shares outstanding and a share price of $500, its market cap is as follows: $500 x 20,000,000 = $10,000,000,000 market capitalization
For example, the S&P 500 index is both cap-weighted and float-adjusted. [3] Historically, in the United States, capitalization-weighted indices tended to use full weighting, i.e., all outstanding shares were included, while float-weighted indexing has been the norm in other countries, perhaps because of large cross-holdings or government ownership.
The Russell Top 200 Index measures the performance of the 200 largest companies (63% of total market capitalization) in the Russell 1000 Index, with a weighted average market capitalization of $186 billion. The median capitalization is $48 billion; the smallest company in the index has an approximate capitalization of $14 billion.
The Russell 2000 is by far the most common benchmark for mutual funds that identify themselves as "small-cap", while the S&P 500 index is used primarily for large capitalization stocks. It is the most widely quoted measure of the overall performance of small-cap to mid-cap company shares.