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Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch each other when the legs are straightened. [1] Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while simultaneously straightening the legs.
Complications [ edit ] Instances in which the medial epicondyle of the distal humerus is malformed due to the initial fracture at the humeral endplate may result in subluxation (snapping) of the ulnar nerve over the medial epicondyle with active flexion and extension of the elbow.
More specifically, patients with genu valgum (knock-kneed) alignment must be evaluated and treated with an osteotomy(s) to establish balanced forces on knee ligaments, preventing premature failure of concurrent cruciate ligament reconstruction. These patients should be rehabilitated after the osteotomy heals before it can be verified that they ...
A valgus deformity is a condition in which the bone segment distal to a joint is angled outward, that is, angled laterally, away from the body's midline. [1] The opposite deformation, where the twist or angulation is directed medially, toward the center of the body, is called varus.
It can also be acquired through fracture or other trauma. The physiological cubitus valgus varies from 3° to 29°. Women usually have a more pronounced Cubitus valgus than men. The deformity can also occur as a complication of fracture of the lateral condyle of the humerus, which may lead to tardy/delayed ulnar nerve palsy.
It is correct for a knock-kneed deformity to be called both a varus deformity at the hip (coxa vara) and a valgus deformity at the knee (genu valgum); although the common terminology is to simply refer to it as a valgus knee. When the terminology refers to a bone rather than a joint, the distal segment of the bone is being described.
[7] People with genu valgum have larger than normal Q-angles causing the weight-bearing line to fall lateral to the centre of the knee causing overstretching of the MCL and stressing the lateral meniscus and cartilages. [citation needed] Quadriceps muscle imbalance [7] [14] [15] Tight anatomical structures, e.g. retinaculum or iliotibial band [7]
Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is widely used to treat angular or coronal plane deformities around the knee in children i.e. deformities occurring in the medial/lateral plane as genu varum/ genu valgum. Additionally, it has been used to treat sagittal plane deformities i.e. deformities arising the anterior/posterior plane.