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  2. Nephron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron

    The nephron is the minute or microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney.It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and a cup-shaped structure called Bowman's capsule.

  3. Glomerular filtration rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_filtration_rate

    Upon presentation of decreased renal function, it is recommended to perform a history and physical examination, as well as performing a renal ultrasound and a urinalysis. [ citation needed ] The most relevant items in the history are medications , edema , nocturia , gross hematuria , family history of kidney disease, diabetes and polyuria .

  4. Juxtaglomerular cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_cell

    Juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells), also known as juxtaglomerular granular cells are cells in the kidney that synthesize, store, and secrete the enzyme renin. [1] They are specialized smooth muscle cells mainly in the walls of the afferent arterioles (and some in the efferent arterioles) [citation needed] that deliver blood to the glomerulus.

  5. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    The kidney's ability to perform many of its functions depends on the three fundamental functions of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, whose sum is called renal clearance or renal excretion. That is: Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate – Reabsorption rate + Secretion rate [1]

  6. Juxtaglomerular apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_apparatus

    The juxtaglomerular apparatus (also known as the juxtaglomerular complex) is a structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron, the functional units of the kidney. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named because it is next to (juxta- [ 1 ] ) the glomerulus .

  7. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    In mice, the kidneys are approximately 1 cm (0.4 in) long, weighing 400 mg, with 16,000 nephrons, while in the killer whale, the kidney length exceeds 25 cm (10 in), the mass is approximately 4.5 kg (10 lb), with the number of nephrons of the order of 10,000,000. At the same time, the killer whale kidneys are reniculate, with each renicule ...

  8. How to Know Which Muscle Groups You Should Train Together - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/know-muscle-groups-train...

    THE BODY IS a complex machine.Your corporeal form houses over 600 muscles, all working together to help you perform your best every day. Fitness pros tend to organize all of these into different ...

  9. Kidney (vertebrates) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_(vertebrates)

    The nephrons of the mammalian kidneys have loops of Henle, which are the most efficient way to reabsorb water and produce concentrated urine to conserve water in the body. [12] The mammalian kidneys combine both nephrons with a short and nephrons with a long loop of Henle. [77] The medulla is divided into outer and inner regions.